关于留学作业写作，有的同学下笔如有神，而有的同学则是一筹莫展，最后不得不找帮写完成。想到留学作业里markers给的comments，通篇的toodescriptive,原因在于没有把握CriticalWriting。那么如何CriticalWriting？作为专业帮写留学生作业机构，本文致远教育小编来为大家一探究竟。
首先，明确帮写留学作业目的
首先我们来聊聊帮写留学作业前的准备工作，在写作之前，我们可以先问自己以下几个问题，明确写作目的。
WhatamIwritingabout?
Whatisthepurposeofthispaper?
WhatarethemainpointsIwantmyreaders/markerstounderstand?
Whoistheintendedaudience?
那么对于留学作业来讲，一个很直接的目的就是，拿高分！顺利毕业！看起来是一个很宏大的计划，需要过五关斩六将，哈哈哈，其实也没有那么夸张。如果我们把这个bigplan细分成smallsteps，看起来就没有那么可怕了！
其次，帮写留学作业前准备
在正式开始论文写作之前，我们可以先做到如下几点：
Readtheinstructionsforthedissertationhandbookthoroughlytoensurethatyouhaveaclearunderstandingoftheexpectations;
Usetheinstructionstoformthepapersbasicoutlineorheadings,i.e.Introduction,Literaturereview,Researchdesign;
Moreimportantly,payattentiontotheassessmentcriteria!!!
(温馨提示：在写作过程中，也要时不时地去回顾assessmentcriteria里的内容，tomakesureyouareontherighttrack)
落实好你的researchproposal后，就到了开始搜寻文献，大量阅读，构建论文思路的时候了，下面我们以准备文献综述为例，讲一下具体步骤。
然后。帮写留学作业具体步骤
1.Identifyresearchthemes
(Themesreferstogeneralkeywords,ideas,andcategoriesrelatedtotheresearchtopicofyourpaper.)
一开始面对大量的信息，可能会觉得无从下手，别担心，这是很正常的。静下心来仔细研读文献，你会挖掘出。边读边做笔记，总结文献中的重要信息，慢慢地你就会发现themeswithintheresearchstudiesandliterature，基于这些themes来构思论文的headingsandsubheadings，最后你的文献综述的框架就搭好啦。
2.Outlinesandgraphicorganizers
(Outline:Anoutlinesetsforththethesisandliststhemajorpointsthatwillbemadetosupportorprovethethesis.Eachmajorpointcanbefurtherelaborateduponwithminorpointsandsubtopics.Alinearoutlineisamapofanassignment,withaclearpathfromPointA(thethesis)toPointB(theconclusion).Thepathbetweenthetwopointsiscomposedofthemajorpointsandsubtopicspresentedtosupportthethesisstatement.)
这是一个很好的方法，因为很多时候，如果在写作之前没有一个思路清晰逻辑周密的outline,我们很容易在写作的过程中遭遇滑铁卢，很可能洋洋洒洒地写了一大堆，但是发现都是irrelevantparts。搭建论文框架可以帮助规划我们的留学作业写作。
在这里介绍两种亲测有效的方法：
a)Usingalinearoutline
具体做法：先尝试构建majorpointsofyourpaper,然后通过从文献中提取有用信息作为supportingevidence,形成minorpoints。
具体建议：
以mainideasandconcepts构建大标题
用分级标题细化
注意分不同的角度/观点呈现
用不同颜色的笔标出关键信息
你可以给每个点标注好序号，使结构更加清晰
注意笔记简洁
b)我们也可以通过搭建conceptmap的形式，依个人习惯而定哦！举个例子：
做好前面的准备工作后，我们开始以写作的方式实现知识输出了。
3.Putyourcriticalreviewstowriting
首先我们明确两个概念，Summaryvs.Synthesis
Summaryisrecapofimportantinformation
Synthesisisare-organization,orweaving,ofthatinformation
a)Itmightgiveanewinterpretationofoldmaterialorcombinenewwiththeold
b)Itmighttracetheintellectualprogressionofthefield,includingmajordebates
特别是文献综述写作，不是对文献的简要概括再叠加，而是通过对整合多篇文献信息，并加入自己的interpretation。
我们先来看一个反面例子：
Brown(2008)studiedAandfoundY.Roberts(2012)investigatedBandfoundXandY.Peterson(2007,2013)conductedalong-terminvestigationintoCandfoundX,YandZ.
注意，我们的文章需要体现：
Argumentsfromdifferentsourceslinkthemtogether
Yourownanalysisinterpretation.Analysisisnotjustyouropinion,itneedstobesupportedbytheliterature
可以用如下方式呈现：
a)Distanttoclose
MostdistantlyrelatedtoyourworkMostcloselyrelatedtoyourwork
b)Chronological
EarliestrelatedworkMostrecentrelatedwork
c)Comparisonandcontrastofdifferentapproachesorparticularfeaturesorcharacteristicsofrelevanttheoriesandresearch
OneapproachAnalternativeapproachAnotherapproach
Mostearlytheoriesofmotivationwereconcernedwithneedsatisfaction.Robbins,Millet,CacioppeandWaters-Marsh(1998)arguedthatmotivationreliesonwhatapersonneedsandwants.Similarly,theearlytheoriesofMaslowandMcGregor(Robbinsetal1998)focusedonpersonalneedssatisfactionasthebasisformotivationalbehavior.However,recentstudiesoutlinedbyLeonard,BeauvaisandScholl(1999)suggestthatpersonalityanddispositionplayanequallyimportantroleinmotivation.Currentthinkingdoesnotdiscountthesetheories,butsimplybuildsonthemtoincludeaself-concept.
4.规范学术用语
在写文献综述或者陈述自己的观点的时候，很多同学喜欢用AuthorAsays,AuthorBmentions呈现，但是在这些表达观点的学术用语在使用上也是有讲究的哦！注意区分：
thatwhichiscertainlytrue:
-e.g.Influenzaiscausedbyavirus.
thatwhichisonlyprobablytrue[howprobable?]:
-e.g.Schizophreniaseemstoresultfromaninteractionbetweengeneticfactorsandenvironmentalstressors.
thatwhichisonlypossiblytrue:
-e.g.Astudentgroupmayperformbadlyonanassignmentbecauseofinterpersonalconflictbetweengroupmembers.
Hedges
Usedtoindicatevariouslevelsofalackofcompletecertainty.
Alsousedtobediplomaticwhencritiquingtheworkofothers.
e.g.Suggest/may;seem;believe/could;appearto;might;hypothesise;assume/likely;speculate;possible;might
Boosters
Indicatorsofconviction:
e.g.Showthat/always;demonstrate/substantially;clearlyshow/will;factthat;
obviously/will
Certainlytrue
TyackeandMendelsohns(1986)diarystudyshowedthatlower-levelstudentsalwaysdependedfarmoreontheirteacherandongrammarrulesthanhigher-levelstudents.
Politzer(1983)demonstratedthatfemalesusedsociallearningstrategiessubstantiallymoreoftenthanmales.
Thefindingsclearlyshowthatintypicallanguagelearningsituationswomenwillusemorelearningstrategiesthanmen.
Probablytrue
Researchsuggeststhathigher-levelstudentsmayusemoreeffectiveforeignlanguagelearningstrategiesthanstudentswithlowerability.
Accordingtoseveralresearchers,itseemsthatlanguagestudentsusedifferentstrategiesastheyprogress.
Manyresearchersassumethatthelearnerslevelofmotivationislikelytoinfluencethechoiceofstrategies.
Possiblytrue(conjecturesbasedonrelevantknowledgeortheory)
Thesegenderdifferencesmightbeexplainedbydifferencesincommunicationpreferences.
Wehypothesizehoweverthatafterstrategytraining,menandwomenwillbothshowstrategystrengths.
Wespeculatethattheproblemwaslowmotivationforlanguagelearning.
PolitzerandMcGroarty(1985)reportthepossibleimportanceoflanguagelearninggoals.
5.Integratingcriticalliteraturereviewsintoyourdissertation
可以参考下图的帮写留学作业框架，帮助大概厘清各个章节需要涉及的内容:
以上就是致远教育小编为大家总结的关于帮写留学作业的相关知识和技巧，欢迎阅读，如有帮写留学作业需要，欢迎联系网站客服。
