英文句型是我们在英文写作中可以直接套用的。约翰莫莱罗指出：
句型在性质上是内容中立和通用的。因此，在使用它们时，你并没有偷窃他人的想法，这并不构成剽窃。
分类使用经过人们提炼的句型，我们可以只专注于填写内容，提高写作效率，规范学术语言，减少语法错误。
本文分享两部英文句型大作并给出部分示例，第一部是免费网页版著作（也提供可下载的电子版，最新下载电子版需要付费），第二部是付费著作（含电子版和印刷版）。
第一部
作者：约翰莫莱罗
约翰莫莱罗（JohnMorley）是曼彻斯特大学全大学语言项目主任。该句型库分两大部分。第一部分包含六大类，分别是：
引言（IntroducingWork）
文献引用（ReferringtoSources）
描述方法（DescribingMethods）
报道结果（ReportingResults）
讨论发现（DiscussingFindings）
写结论（WritingConclusions）
每一大类还分成若干子类。例如，结果报道的句型分为11个子类，详细见:
ReportingResults
1Referencetoaimormethod
ChangesinXandYwerecomparedusing.
Simplestatisticalanalysiswasusedto.
ToassessX,theYquestionnairewasused.
Todistinguishbetweenthesetwopossibilities,.
T-testswereusedtoanalysetherelationshipbetween.
InordertoassessZ,repeated-measuresANOVAswereused.
Regressionanalysiswasusedtopredictthe.
TheaveragescoresofXandYwerecomparedinorderto.
Nineitemsonthequestionnairemeasuredtheextenttowhich.
ThecorrelationbetweenXandYwastested.
Thefirstsetofanalysesexaminedtheimpactof.
Tocomparethescoresthreeweeksafterinitialscreening,aglobalANOVAF-testwasused.
AscatterdiagramandaPearsonsproductmomentcorrelationwereusedtodeterminetherelationshipbetween.
2Referringtodatainatableorchart
1Table1orFigure1shows(compares,presents,provides)
anoverviewof.
theexperimentaldataonX.
thesummarystatisticsfor.
thebreakdownofXaccordingto.
theresultsobtainedfromthepreliminaryanalysisofX.
theintercorrelationsamongtheninemeasuresofX.
2ThetablebelowillustratesorThepiechartaboveshows
someofthemaincharacteristicsofthe.
thebreakdownof.
3AsshowninFigure1(AscanbeseenfromTable1,ItcanbeseenfromthedatainTable1that,Fromthegraphabovewecanseethat),theXgroupreportedsignificantlymoreYthantheothertwogroups.
4TheresultsobtainedfromthepreliminaryanalysisofX(Theresultsofthecorrelationalanalysis,Thethemesidentifiedintheseresponses)
areshown
canbecompared
arepresented
aresetout
aresummarised
inTable1(inFigure1).
3Highlightingsignificantdatainatableorchart
Itisapparentfromthistablethatveryfew.
Thistableisquiterevealinginseveralways.First,unliketheothertables..
Whatisinterestinginthisdataisthat.
InFig.10thereisacleartrendofdecreasing.
AsTableIIIshows,thereisasignificantdifference(t=-2.15,p=0.03)betweenthetwogroups.
ThedifferencesbetweenXandYarehighlightedinTable4
Fromthechart,itcanbeseenthatbyfarthegreatestdemandisfor.
FromthedatainFigure9,itisapparentthatthelengthoftimeleftbetween.
Fromthisdata,wecanseethatStudy2resultedinthelowestvalueof.
DatafromthistablecanbecomparedwiththedatainTable4.6whichshows.
4Statementsofpositiveresult
StrongevidenceofXwasfoundwhen.
Thisresultissignificantatthep=0.05level.
Therewasasignificantpositivecorrelationbetween.
Therewasasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwoconditions.
Onaverage,Xswereshowntohave.
ThemeanscoreforXwas.
Interestingly,forthosesubjectswithX,.
ApositivecorrelationwasfoundbetweenXandY.
Theresults,asshowninTable1,indicatethat.
Atwo-wayANOVArevealedthat.
Posthocanalysisrevealedthatduring.
Furtheranalysisshowedthat.
Furtherstatisticaltestsrevealed.
5Statementsofnegativeresult
TherewasnoincreaseofXassociatedwith..
Therewerenosignificantdifferencesbetween.
Nosignificantdifferenceswerefoundbetween.
NoincreaseinXwasdetected.
NodifferencegreaterthanXwasobserved.
NosignificantreductioninXwasfoundcomparedwithplacebo.
Noneofthesedifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant.
Overall,Xdidnotaffectmalesandfemalesdifferentlyinthesemeasures.
TheChi-squaretestdidnotshowanysignificantdifferencesbetween.
AclearbenefitofXinthepreventionofYcouldnotbeidentifiedinthisanalysis.
OnlytraceamountsofXweredetectedin.
6Highlightingsignificant,interestingorsurprisingresults
Interestingly,theXwasobservedto.
Interestingly,thiscorrelationisrelatedto.
Themoresurprisingcorrelationiswiththe.
Themostsurprisingaspectofthedataisinthe.
Themoststrikingresulttoemergefromthedataisthat.
ThecorrelationbetweenXandYisinterestingbecause.
Interestingly,therewerealsodifferencesintheratiosof.
Thesinglemoststrikingobservationtoemergefromthedatacomparisonwas.
7Reportingareaction
WhenXcellswerestimulatedwithY,nosignificantdifferenceinthenumberofZwasdetected.
However,stimulationofXcellswithYdidnotincreasethe.
FollowingtheadditionofX,asignificantincrease(P0.05)intheYwasrecorded.
WithsuccessiveincreasesinintensityoftheX,theYmovedfurtherto.
8Reportingresultsfromquestionnairesandinterviews
Theresponseratewas60%atsixmonthsand56%at12months.
Ofthestudypopulation,90subjectscompletedandreturnedthequestionnaire.
Thirty-twoindividualsreturnedthequestionnaires.
Bytheendofthesurveyperiod,datahadbeencollectedfrom64individuals,23ofwhomwere.
Thissectionofthequestionnairerequiredrespondentstogiveinformationon.
Respondentswereaskedtoindicatewhether.
Respondentswereaskedtosuggestotherreasonsfor.
Therewere53responsestothequestion:.?
Thetotalnumberofresponsesforthisquestionwas.
Theoverallresponsetothisquestionwaspoor.
Inresponsetothequestion:.?,arangeofresponseswaselicited.
InresponsetoQuestion1,mostofthosesurveyedindicatedthat.
Theoverallresponsetothisquestionwasverypositive.
Whentheparticipantswereasked,themajoritycommentedthat.
Otherresponsestothisquestionincluded.
Themajorityofthosewhorespondedtothisitemfeltthat.
70%ofthosewhowereinterviewedindicatedthat..
Almosttwo-thirdsoftheparticipants(64%)saidthat..
Justoverhalfofthosewhoansweredthisquestionreportedthat.
Overhalfofthosesurveyedreportedthat.
Approximatelyhalfofthosesurveyeddidnotcommenton..
Ofthe62participantswhorespondedtothisquestion,30reportedanincreasein.
Ofthe148patientswhocompletedthequestionnaire,justoverhalfindicatedthat.
Asmallnumberofthoseinterviewedsuggestedthat..
Onlyasmallnumberofrespondentsindicatedthat.
Someparticipantsexpressedthebeliefthat..
Oneindividualstatedthat.Andanothercommented.
Aminorityofparticipants(17%)indicatedthat.
Oneparticipantcommented:.
Anotherintervieweealludedtothenotionof.
9Observationsaboutqualitativedata
ThethemesofXandYrecurredthroughoutthedataset.
Fivebroadthemesemergedfromtheanalysis.
Twodiscretereasonsemergedfromthis.First.Second.
Anumberofissueswereidentified.
Thisthemecameupforexampleindiscussionsof.
Arecurrentthemeintheinterviewswasasenseamongstintervieweesthat
Theseviewssurfacedmainlyinwhatrespects.
TherewasasenseofXamongstinterviewees.
Avarietyofperspectiveswereexpressed.
Acommonviewamongstintervieweeswasthat.
IssuesrelatedtoXwerenotparticularlyprominentintheinterviewdata.
Intheiraccountsoftheeventssurrounding.
Asoneintervieweesaid:.
Asoneintervieweeputit:.
Forexample,oneintervieweesaid:.
Talkingaboutthisissueanintervieweesaid:.
Anotherinterviewee,whenasked,said:.
Theextract/commentbelowshows.
Someintervieweesarguedthat.whileothers.
Somefeltthat.whileothersconsideredthat.
Twodivergentandoftenconflictingdiscoursesemerged.
Whilstaminoritymentionedthatallagreedthat
10Transitionstatements
Ifwenowturnto.
Acomparisonofthetworesultsreveals.
Turningnowtotheexperimentalevidenceon.
Comparingthetworesults,itcanbeseenthat.
Thenextsectionofthesurveywasconcernedwith.
Inthefinalpartofthesurvey,respondentswereasked.
11Summaryandtransition
Theseresultssuggestthat.
Overall,theseresultsindicatethat.
Togethertheseresultsprovideimportantinsightsinto.
Takentogether,theseresultssuggestthatthereisanassociationbetween.
Insummary,theseresultsshowthat.
TheresultsinthisChapterindicatethat.ThenextChapter,therefore,movesontodiscussthe
第二部分按功能介绍句型。功能包括如下11个类别：
使用谨慎语言（BeingCautious）
批判性思维（BeingCritical）
分类与罗列（ClassifyingandListing）
比较与对比（CompareandContrast）
定义术语（DefiningTerms）
描述趋势（DescribingTrends）
表述数量（DescribingQuantities）
解释原因（ExplainingCausality）
举例（GivingExamples）
示意过渡（SignallingTransition）
描述过去（WritingaboutthePast）
第二部
路易斯屋大维巴罗佐（LuizOtvioBarros）在20世纪90年代末为他的硕士论文阅读收集了数百个句型，并发现这些句型有助于他后来的学术写作。
为了帮助其他硕士/博士生掌握这些句型，他于2016年发表了包含600个例子的句型库著作。
为了让读者欣赏部分句型，巴罗佐提供12类给出了70个句型。
70usefulsentencesforacademicwriting
第1组辩论
Argue
a.Alongsimilarlines,[X]arguesthat___.
b.Thereseemstobenocompellingreasontoarguethat___.
c.Asarebuttaltothispoint,itcouldbearguedthat___.
d.Thereare[three]mainargumentsthatcanbeadvancedtosupport___.
e.Theunderlyingargumentinfavorof/against[X]isthat___.
f.[X]sargumentinfavorof/against[Y]runsasfollows:___.
第2组断言
Claim
a.Inthis[paper],Iputforwardtheclaimthat___.
b.[X]developstheclaimthat___.
c.Thereisample/growingsupportfortheclaimthat___.
d.[X]sfindingslendsupporttotheclaimthat___.
e.Takingamiddle-groundposition,[X]claimsthat___.
第3组数据
Data
a.Thedatagatheredinthe[pilotstudy]suggestthat___.
b.Thedataappearstosuggestthat___.
c.Thedatayieldedbythis[study]providestrong/convincingevidencethat___.
d.Acloserlookatthedataindicatesthat___.
e.Thedatageneratedby[X]arereportedin[table1].
f.Theaimofthis[section]istogeneralizebeyondthedataand___.
第4组争论
Debate
a.[X]hasencourageddebateon___.
b.Therehasbeenaninconclusivedebateaboutwhether___.
c.Thequestionofwhether___hascausedmuchdebatein[ourprofession][overtheyears].
d.(Muchof)thecurrentdebaterevolvesaround___.
第5组讨论
Discussion
a.Inthissection/chapter,thediscussionwillpointto___.
b.Theforegoingdiscussionimpliesthat___.
c.Forthesakeofdiscussion,Iwouldliketoarguethat___.
d.Inthisstudy,thequestionunderdiscussionis___.
e.Inthispaper,thediscussioncenterson___.
f.[X]liesattheheartofthediscussionon___.
第6组证据
Evidence
a.Theavailableevidenceseemstosuggestthat___/pointto___.
b.Onthebasisoftheevidencecurrentlyavailable,itseemsfairtosuggestthat___.
c.Thereisoverwhelmingevidenceforthenotionthat___.
d.Furtherevidencesupporting/against[X]maylieinthefindingsof[Y],who___.
e.Theseresultsprovideconfirmatoryevidencethat___.
第7组根据（基础）
Ground
a.Iwillnowsummarizethegroundcoveredinthis[chapter]by___.
b.Onlogicalgrounds,thereisnocompellingreasontoarguethat___.
c.[X]takesamiddle-groundpositionon[Y]andarguesthat___.
d.Onthesegrounds,wecanarguethat___.
e.[X]sviewsaregroundedontheassumptionthat___.
第8组问题（研究主题）
Issue
a.Thisstudyisanattempttoaddresstheissueof___.
b.Inthepresentstudy,theissueunderscrutinyis___.
c.Theissueofwhether___iscloudedbythefactthat___.
d.Toportraytheissuein[X]sterms,___.
e.Giventhecentralityofthisissueto[myclaim],Iwillnow___.
f.This[chapter]isconcernedwiththeissueof[how/whether/what]___.
第9组文献
Literature
a.[X]isprominentintheliteratureon[Y].
b.Thereisarapidlygrowingliteratureon[X],whichindicatesthat___.
c.Theliteratureshowsnoconsensuson[X],whichmeansthat___.
d.The(current)literatureon[X]aboundswithexamplesof___.
第10组前提（假设）
Premise
a.Themaintheoreticalpremisebehind[X]isthat___.
b.[X]and[Y]shareanimportantpremise:___.
c.[X]ispremisedontheassumptionthat___.
d.Thebasicpremisesof[X]stheory/argumentare___.
e.Theargumentsagainst[X]spremisereston[four]assumptions:___.
第11组研究
Research
a.Thisstudydrawsonresearchconductedby___.
b.Althoughtherehasbeenrelativelylittleresearchon/into[X],___.
c.Inthelast[X]years,[educational]researchhasprovidedamplesupportfortheassertionthat___.
d.Currentresearchappears/seemstovalidatetheviewthat___.
e.Researchon/into___doesnotsupporttheviewthat___.
f.Furtherresearchinthisareamayinclude___and___.
g.Evidencefor[X]isborneoutbyresearchthatshows___.
h.Thereisinsufficientresearchon/into___todrawanyfirmconclusionsabout/on___.
第12组观点
View
a.Theconsensusviewseemstobethat___.
b.[X]propoundstheviewthat___.
c.Currentresearch(doesnot)appear(s)tovalidatesuchaview.
d.Therehavebeendissenterstotheviewthat___.
e.Theanswerto[X]/Thedifferencebetween[X]and[Y]isnotasclear-cutaspopularviewsmightsuggest.
f.Theviewthat_____isinlinewith[commonsense].
g.Iamnotaloneinmyviewthat___.
h.[X]putsforwardtheviewthat___.
i.[X]sviewsrestontheassumptionthat___.
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